Computer Basics
Q251–Q262 | Hardware · Software · Number Systems · Memory
Q251EasyCGL+CHSL
The full form of CPU is:
ACentral Processing Unit
BControl Processing Unit
CCentral Program Unit
DComputer Processing Unit
Show Answer
✔ A — Central Processing Unit
CPU = Central Processing Unit — the "brain" of the computer that executes instructions. It has ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), CU (Control Unit), and registers. ❌ B,C,D: wrong expansions.
Q252EasyCGL+CHSL
1 Kilobyte (KB) = _____ bytes.
A1000
B1024
C512
D2048
Show Answer
✔ B — 1024
1 KB = 2¹⁰ = 1024 bytes. This is binary measurement. 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB. ❌ A(1000 = SI/decimal KB, rarely used in computing).
Q253ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which of the following is NOT a type of computer memory?
ARAM
BROM
CCPU
DCache
Show Answer
✔ C — CPU
CPU is the processor, not memory. Types of memory: RAM (volatile primary memory), ROM (non-volatile primary memory), Cache (fast secondary buffer between CPU and RAM). ❌ A,B,D: all valid memory types.
Q254EasyCGL+CHSL
The binary number system uses which base?
ABase 8
BBase 10
CBase 2
DBase 16
Show Answer
✔ C — Base 2
Binary = Base 2 (uses digits 0 and 1). ❌ A(Octal = Base 8), ❌ B(Decimal = Base 10), ❌ D(Hexadecimal = Base 16).
Q255ModerateCGL+CHSL
Convert the decimal number 10 to binary:
A1010
B1100
C1001
D1110
Show Answer
✔ A — 1010
10 ÷ 2 = 5 rem 0; 5 ÷ 2 = 2 rem 1; 2 ÷ 2 = 1 rem 0; 1 ÷ 2 = 0 rem 1. Reading remainders upward: 1010. Verify: 8+0+2+0 = 10. ❌ B(12), ❌ C(9), ❌ D(14).
Q256EasyCGL+CHSL
Which storage medium has the HIGHEST storage capacity among the following?
ACD-ROM
BDVD
CBlu-ray Disc
DFloppy Disk
Show Answer
✔ C — Blu-ray Disc
Storage: Floppy(1.44 MB) < CD-ROM(700 MB) < DVD(4.7–8.5 GB) < Blu-ray(25–50 GB). ❌ A,B,D: lower capacity.
Q257ModerateCGL+CHSL
What does "volatile memory" mean?
AMemory that permanently stores data
BMemory that loses data when power is turned off
CMemory that can only be read, not written
DMemory stored on the hard disk
Show Answer
✔ B
Volatile memory loses its data when power is removed. RAM is volatile. Non-volatile memory (ROM, HDD, SSD) retains data without power. ❌ A(non-volatile), ❌ C(read-only, but not "volatile"), ❌ D(secondary storage).
Q258ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which of the following is an input device?
AMonitor
BPrinter
CScanner
DSpeaker
Show Answer
✔ C — Scanner
Scanner is an input device — it converts physical documents to digital data. ❌ A(Monitor = output), ❌ B(Printer = output), ❌ D(Speaker = output).
Q259DifficultCGL only
Which generation of computers used Vacuum Tubes?
ASecond Generation
BThird Generation
CFirst Generation
DFourth Generation
Show Answer
✔ C — First Generation (1940s–1956)
Gen 1(Vacuum Tubes, e.g. ENIAC) → Gen 2(Transistors, 1956–63) → Gen 3(Integrated Circuits, 1964–71) → Gen 4(Microprocessors, 1971–present) → Gen 5(AI/Parallel processing). ❌ A,B,D: wrong generation.
Q260ModerateCGL+CHSL
What is the full form of USB?
AUniversal Serial Bus
BUniversal System Bus
CUnique Serial Bus
DUniversal Software Bus
Show Answer
✔ A — Universal Serial Bus
USB = Universal Serial Bus — a standard for connecting peripherals to a computer (keyboards, mice, flash drives, etc.). ❌ B,C,D: wrong expansions.
Q261DifficultCGL only
Which of the following is MPEG related to?
AAudio compression only
BVideo compression standard
CNetwork protocol
DDatabase format
Show Answer
✔ B — Video compression standard
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) defines standards for audio-visual (video) compression: MPEG-1(VCD), MPEG-2(DVD/TV), MPEG-4(streaming). ❌ A: MP3 is audio only; MPEG covers video+audio. ❌ C,D: wrong domains.
Q262ModerateCGL+CHSL
What does BIOS stand for?
ABasic Input Output System
BBinary Input Output System
CBasic Integrated Operating System
DBinary Integrated Output System
Show Answer
✔ A — Basic Input Output System
BIOS is firmware stored on a ROM chip on the motherboard — it initializes hardware during boot and loads the OS. UEFI is its modern replacement. ❌ B,C,D: wrong expansions.
Operating System
Q263–Q272 | OS Concepts · Windows · Linux
Q263EasyCGL+CHSL
Which of the following is an open-source operating system?
AWindows 11
BmacOS
CLinux
DiOS
Show Answer
✔ C — Linux
Linux is free, open-source (source code freely available). ❌ A(Windows = proprietary Microsoft), ❌ B(macOS = proprietary Apple), ❌ D(iOS = proprietary Apple).
Q264ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which function does the operating system NOT perform?
AMemory management
BProcess management
CAntivirus scanning
DFile management
Show Answer
✔ C — Antivirus scanning
Core OS functions: memory management, process management, file management, device management, security (authentication, access control). Antivirus is a separate application, not a core OS function. ❌ A,B,D: all core OS functions.
Q265EasyCGL+CHSL
What is the default web browser bundled with Windows?
AChrome
BFirefox
CMicrosoft Edge
DSafari
Show Answer
✔ C — Microsoft Edge
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) is the default browser on Windows 10/11. ❌ A(Chrome = Google), ❌ B(Firefox = Mozilla, not default), ❌ D(Safari = Apple default).
Q266ModerateCGL+CHSL
In Windows, what does "recycle bin" contain?
ATemporary internet files
BPrograms installed but not used
CFiles deleted from the hard disk
DSystem error logs
Show Answer
✔ C — Files deleted from the hard disk
The Recycle Bin holds files deleted from the hard disk, allowing recovery before permanent deletion. ❌ A(Temp internet = browser cache/Temp folder), ❌ B(Programs uninstalled, not in Recycle Bin), ❌ D(Error logs = Event Viewer).
Q267DifficultCGL only
Which scheduling algorithm gives the shortest average waiting time?
AFirst Come First Served (FCFS)
BShortest Job First (SJF)
CRound Robin
DPriority Scheduling
Show Answer
✔ B — Shortest Job First (SJF)
SJF gives optimal (minimum) average waiting time among all non-preemptive scheduling algorithms — the shortest burst-time process is executed first. ❌ A(FCFS = simple but can have long waits if long jobs come first). ❌ C,D: not theoretically optimal for average waiting time.
Q268ModerateCGL+CHSL
In Windows, pressing Alt + F4 will:
AOpen Task Manager
BClose the current window/application
CRefresh the screen
DOpen Properties dialog
Show Answer
✔ B — Close the current window/application
Alt+F4 closes the active window. On the desktop, it opens the Shut Down dialog. ❌ A(Ctrl+Shift+Esc = Task Manager), ❌ C(F5 = Refresh), ❌ D(Alt+Enter = Properties).
Q269ModerateCGL+CHSL
What does "GUI" stand for?
AGeneral User Interface
BGraphical User Interface
CGlobal Utility Interface
DGraphics Unified Interface
Show Answer
✔ B — Graphical User Interface
GUI (Graphical User Interface) uses visual elements — icons, buttons, windows — for human-computer interaction, contrasted with CLI (Command Line Interface). ❌ A,C,D: wrong expansions.
Q270EasyCGL+CHSL
Which key is used to permanently delete a file (bypassing Recycle Bin) in Windows?
ADelete
BBackspace
CShift + Delete
DCtrl + Delete
Show Answer
✔ C — Shift + Delete
Shift+Delete permanently deletes files without sending them to Recycle Bin. ❌ A(Delete alone = sends to Recycle Bin), ❌ B(Backspace = back navigation), ❌ D: not a standard delete shortcut.
Q271DifficultCGL only
Which memory management technique is used when a program requires more memory than is physically available?
ACache memory
BVirtual memory
CRegister memory
DFlash memory
Show Answer
✔ B — Virtual memory
Virtual memory uses disk space (paging file/swap) as an extension of RAM. The OS swaps inactive pages to disk to free physical RAM. ❌ A(Cache = fast CPU buffer), ❌ C(Registers = fastest, smallest CPU-level storage), ❌ D(Flash = non-volatile storage).
Q272ModerateCGL+CHSL
What extension do Windows executable files typically have?
A.doc
B.txt
C.exe
D.html
Show Answer
✔ C — .exe
.exe (executable) files are programs that can be run directly in Windows. ❌ A(.doc = Word), ❌ B(.txt = plain text), ❌ D(.html = web page).
MS Office Suite
Q273–Q284 | Word · Excel · PowerPoint · Access
Q273EasyCGL+CHSL
The default file extension for MS Word 2016 document is:
A.doc
B.xls
C.docx
D.ppt
Show Answer
✔ C — .docx
.docx is the default format for MS Word 2007 onwards (XML-based). ❌ A(.doc = Word 97-2003), ❌ B(.xls = Excel), ❌ D(.ppt = PowerPoint).
Q274EasyCGL+CHSL
In MS Excel, the intersection of a row and column is called a:
AFormula
BCell
CChart
DRange
Show Answer
✔ B — Cell
A Cell is the smallest unit in Excel — where a row and column intersect (e.g., A1, B5). ❌ A(Formula = calculation expression), ❌ C(Chart = visual representation), ❌ D(Range = group of cells).
Q275ModerateCGL+CHSL
In MS Excel, which function is used to find the AVERAGE of a range of values?
A=SUM()
B=COUNT()
C=AVERAGE()
D=MEAN()
Show Answer
✔ C — =AVERAGE()
=AVERAGE(A1:A10) returns the arithmetic mean of the range. ❌ A(=SUM = total), ❌ B(=COUNT = number of numeric cells), ❌ D: =MEAN() doesn't exist in standard Excel.
Q276ModerateCGL+CHSL
In MS Word, which shortcut key is used to apply Bold formatting?
ACtrl + B
BCtrl + I
CCtrl + U
DCtrl + E
Show Answer
✔ A — Ctrl + B
Ctrl+B = Bold. ❌ B(Ctrl+I = Italic), ❌ C(Ctrl+U = Underline), ❌ D(Ctrl+E = Center alignment).
Q277EasyCGL+CHSL
In MS PowerPoint, a presentation file is called a:
AWorkbook
BSlide Show
CDocument
DPresentation
Show Answer
✔ D — Presentation
In PowerPoint, the file is a Presentation (.pptx). ❌ A(Workbook = Excel), ❌ B(Slide Show = the viewing mode), ❌ C(Document = Word).
Q278DifficultCGL only
In MS Excel, what does the $ sign in a cell reference like $A$1 indicate?
ACurrency value
BAbsolute reference (column and row fixed)
CRelative reference
DNamed range
Show Answer
✔ B — Absolute reference
$A$1 = absolute reference — the column (A) and row (1) stay fixed when the formula is copied. A1 = relative (changes when copied); $A1 = mixed (column fixed, row relative); A$1 = mixed (row fixed). ❌ A,C,D: incorrect.
Q279ModerateCGL+CHSL
Mail Merge feature in MS Word is used to:
AMerge multiple Word documents into one
BCreate personalized letters for multiple recipients using a data source
CSend emails directly from Word
DAttach files to emails
Show Answer
✔ B
Mail Merge creates personalized documents (letters, envelopes, labels) by merging a template with a data source (Excel list/Access database). ❌ A(Combine Documents = different feature), ❌ C,D: not Mail Merge functions.
Q280ModerateCGL+CHSL
In MS Excel, what is the maximum number of rows in a worksheet (Excel 2016)?
A65,536
B1,048,576
C256
D10,000
Show Answer
✔ B — 1,048,576
Excel 2007+ supports 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns. ❌ A(65,536 = Excel 2003 limit). ❌ C,D: too low.
Q281DifficultCGL only
Which MS Office application is primarily used for database management?
AMS Word
BMS Excel
CMS Access
DMS PowerPoint
Show Answer
✔ C — MS Access
MS Access is the RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) in MS Office — for creating tables, queries, forms, reports. ❌ A(Word = word processor), ❌ B(Excel = spreadsheet, limited database), ❌ D(PowerPoint = presentations).
Q282ModerateCGL+CHSL
In PowerPoint, what is the shortcut to start a slide show from the beginning?
AF5
BF7
CCtrl + F5
DF1
Show Answer
✔ A — F5
F5 starts Slide Show from the beginning. Shift+F5 starts from the current slide. ❌ B(F7 = Spell check), ❌ C(Ctrl+F5 = not standard), ❌ D(F1 = Help).
Q283EasyCGL+CHSL
The shortcut key to Undo an action in MS Office is:
ACtrl + Z
BCtrl + Y
CCtrl + X
DCtrl + S
Show Answer
✔ A — Ctrl + Z
Ctrl+Z = Undo. ❌ B(Ctrl+Y = Redo), ❌ C(Ctrl+X = Cut), ❌ D(Ctrl+S = Save).
Q284ModerateCGL+CHSL
In MS Word, the "Track Changes" feature is used for:
ATracking mouse movements
BRecording all edits made to a document for review
CTracking time spent on the document
DCreating revision history of fonts
Show Answer
✔ B
Track Changes records all edits (insertions, deletions, formatting changes) with the editor's name, allowing others to accept or reject changes. ❌ A,C,D: not what Track Changes does.
Internet & Networking
Q285–Q296 | Protocols · Concepts · Cybersecurity
Q285EasyCGL+CHSL
What does HTTP stand for?
AHyper Text Transfer Protocol
BHigh Text Transfer Protocol
CHyper Text Transmission Program
DHyper Transfer Text Protocol
Show Answer
✔ A — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol — the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. HTTPS adds TLS/SSL encryption. ❌ B,C,D: wrong expansions.
Q286EasyCGL+CHSL
What is the full form of WWW?
AWorld Wide Web
BWorld Wide Wire
CWide World Web
DWeb World Wide
Show Answer
✔ A — World Wide Web
WWW = World Wide Web — an information system on the internet supporting web pages. Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. ❌ B,C,D: wrong.
Q287ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which protocol is used to send emails?
AHTTP
BFTP
CSMTP
DPOP3
Show Answer
✔ C — SMTP
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to SEND emails. POP3/IMAP are used to RECEIVE emails. ❌ A(HTTP = web), ❌ B(FTP = file transfer), ❌ D(POP3 = receive emails).
Q288ModerateCGL+CHSL
What does IP stand for in networking?
AInternet Provider
BInternet Protocol
CInternal Protocol
DInput Protocol
Show Answer
✔ B — Internet Protocol
IP (Internet Protocol) governs how data packets are addressed and routed across networks. An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network. ❌ A,C,D: wrong.
Q289DifficultCGL only
How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
A64 bits
B128 bits
C32 bits
D16 bits
Show Answer
✔ C — 32 bits
IPv4 address = 32 bits (4 octets of 8 bits each, e.g. 192.168.1.1). IPv6 = 128 bits for a much larger address space. ❌ A,B,D: wrong bit lengths.
Q290EasyCGL+CHSL
A LAN (Local Area Network) typically covers:
AA city
BA country
CA small geographic area (building/campus)
DThe entire globe
Show Answer
✔ C — Small area (building/campus)
LAN = Local Area Network (building, home, campus). MAN = Metropolitan (city). WAN = Wide Area (country/continent). ❌ A(MAN), ❌ B(WAN), ❌ D(Internet/WAN).
Q291ModerateCGL+CHSL
What is a "firewall" in computer networking?
AHardware that speeds up internet connection
BA security system that monitors and controls incoming/outgoing network traffic
CSoftware for video calls
DA type of antivirus program
Show Answer
✔ B
A firewall monitors and controls network traffic based on predetermined security rules, acting as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks. ❌ A(Router manages traffic), ❌ C(video = VoIP software), ❌ D(antivirus ≠ firewall).
Q292DifficultCGL only
What is "Phishing"?
AA network topology type
BA technique used to steal sensitive information by impersonating a trusted entity
CA type of virus that attacks hardware
DA programming language for web development
Show Answer
✔ B
Phishing = a cybercrime where attackers impersonate legitimate organizations (via fake emails, websites) to trick users into revealing passwords, credit card numbers, etc. ❌ A,C,D: wrong definitions.
Q293ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which device connects two different networks and routes packets between them?
AHub
BSwitch
CRouter
DRepeater
Show Answer
✔ C — Router
Router routes data between different networks (e.g., home network to internet) using IP addresses. ❌ A(Hub = broadcasts to all ports, no routing), ❌ B(Switch = connects devices on same LAN using MAC addresses), ❌ D(Repeater = amplifies signal).
Q294EasyCGL+CHSL
What does "URL" stand for?
AUniform Resource Locator
BUniversal Resource Link
CUnified Reference Locator
DUniform Retrieval Location
Show Answer
✔ A — Uniform Resource Locator
URL = Uniform Resource Locator — the address of a resource on the internet (e.g., https://www.google.com). ❌ B,C,D: wrong expansions.
Q295ModerateCGL+CHSL
What is a "Cookie" in web browsing?
AA type of computer virus
BSmall data files stored on the browser to remember user information
CA password manager
DA web development programming language
Show Answer
✔ B
Cookies are small text files stored on the user's browser by websites to remember login state, preferences, browsing history, and session data. ❌ A,C,D: wrong.
Q296DifficultCGL only
Which protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?
ADNS
BFTP
CDHCP
DSMTP
Show Answer
✔ C — DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS server addresses to devices. ❌ A(DNS = domain name → IP resolution), ❌ B(FTP = file transfer), ❌ D(SMTP = email sending).
Shortcuts & Miscellaneous
Q297–Q300 | Important Computer Shortcuts
Q297AdvancedCGL only
What does pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del do in Windows?
ARestart the computer immediately
BOpen a security options screen (Lock, Task Manager, Sign out, etc.)
CForce shut down the computer
DOpen Command Prompt
Show Answer
✔ B
Ctrl+Alt+Del opens a Windows security options screen offering Lock, Switch user, Sign out, Change password, Task Manager. ❌ A,C(immediate restart/shutdown = holding power button), ❌ D(Command Prompt = Win+R → cmd).
Q298ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which shortcut key is used to select ALL text in a document?
ACtrl + A
BCtrl + S
CCtrl + P
DCtrl + F
Show Answer
✔ A — Ctrl + A
Ctrl+A = Select All. ❌ B(Ctrl+S = Save), ❌ C(Ctrl+P = Print), ❌ D(Ctrl+F = Find).
Q299EasyCGL+CHSL
What does pressing the F1 key typically do in most applications?
ASave the file
BRefresh
COpen the Help menu
DUndo last action
Show Answer
✔ C — Open the Help menu
F1 = Help in most Windows applications. ❌ A(Ctrl+S = Save), ❌ B(F5 = Refresh), ❌ D(Ctrl+Z = Undo).
Q300ModerateCGL+CHSL
Which of the following is the shortcut to open Windows Task Manager directly?
ACtrl + Alt + Del
BCtrl + Shift + Esc
CWin + D
DWin + R
Show Answer
✔ B — Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Ctrl+Shift+Esc opens Task Manager directly. Ctrl+Alt+Del opens the security screen where you then click Task Manager. ❌ C(Win+D = Show Desktop), ❌ D(Win+R = Run dialog).