NEET UG Class 12 Biology
All 13 NCERT Class 12 Biology chapters — reproduction, genetics, evolution, health, biotechnology and ecology — with AI-illustrated diagrams, charts and mind maps.
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure, microsporogenesis, embryo sac, pollination, double fertilisation, endosperm, embryo, seed, apomixis and polyembryony.
Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, implantation, pregnancy, parturition and lactation.
Reproductive Health
Reproductive health programmes, population control, contraception, MTP, STIs, infertility and assisted reproductive technologies.
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendel’s laws, deviations, chromosomal theory, linkage, sex determination, mutation, pedigree analysis and genetic disorders.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA and RNA, search for genetic material, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, lac operon, HGP and DNA fingerprinting.
Evolution
Origin of life, evidences, adaptive radiation, theories of evolution, Hardy–Weinberg principle, mechanisms and human evolution.
Human Health and Disease
Common diseases, immunity and the immune system, vaccination, allergy, AIDS, cancer, and drug and alcohol abuse.
Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in household products, industrial products, sewage treatment, biogas, biocontrol agents and biofertilisers.
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Tools of recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, vectors, gel electrophoresis, PCR, bioreactors and downstream processing.
Biotechnology and its Applications
Bt crops, RNA interference, genetically engineered insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, transgenic animals and ethical issues.
Organisms and Populations
Population attributes, growth models, life-history variation and population interactions.
Ecosystem
Structure and function, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, food chains and ecological pyramids.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Levels and patterns of biodiversity, importance, causes of loss, and in situ and ex situ conservation.