Daily current affairs for UPSC, SSC, BPSC, Railway and all competitive exams
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Topic-wise Current Affairs
June 2026 — 13 Categories
PMKVY 4.0 continues skilling youth under 30+ job roles with industry certification. The scheme provides free short-duration skill training (typically 150-300 hours) with ₹8,000 reward for certified candidates who find employment. Focus sectors include IT, healthcare, construction, and green jobs.
Exam Tip: PMKVY: Launched 2015. PMKVY 4.0: 2022-2026. 40 lakh target in 4.0. Reward: ₹8,000 post-placement. Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship. National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) implements.
Jal Jeevan Mission reports cumulative tap water connections provided to rural households. As of 2024, 78% of rural households have tap water connections, up from 17% in 2019. The mission targets 100% coverage by 2024 (extended timeline). Over 14 crore connections provided.
Exam Tip: JJM: Launched August 15, 2019. Target: Every rural household gets potable piped tap water (55 litres/person/day). Budget: ₹3.60 lakh crore. State share: 50% (90% for NE and Himalayan states). Ministry of Jal Shakti.
NEP 2020 implementation milestones: 5+3+3+4 structure replacing 10+2, mother-tongue medium instruction till Class 5, vocational education from Class 6, PARAKH (assessment reform body), NIPUN (foundational literacy), and Academic Bank of Credits.
Exam Tip: NEP 2020: Approved July 29, 2020. Replaces 1986 policy. Key features: 5+3+3+4 structure, no rigid stream separation, multilingual, vocational from Grade 6, GER 50% by 2035. NIPUN Bharat: FLN by Grade 3 target. PARAKH: Assessment regulator.
India's Tenth Schedule (Anti-defection law) continues to generate constitutional jurisprudence. The Supreme Court interprets "voluntarily giving up membership" and "voting against party whip." Political developments in states trigger anti-defection proceedings before Speaker/Chairman.
Exam Tip: Anti-defection: 10th Schedule, Constitution (52nd Amendment Act) 1985. Disqualified by: Speaker/Chairman (Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha). Cases: voluntarily giving up membership, voting against party whip. Kihoto Hollohan case (1992): SC upheld law.
Article 352 (National Emergency), Article 356 (President's Rule in states), and Article 360 (Financial Emergency) are studied in context of federal relations. The 44th Constitutional Amendment added safeguards requiring Cabinet's written recommendation for Article 352.
Exam Tip: Art 352: Armed rebellion/war/external aggression; Cabinet recommendation in writing; Lok Sabha resolution within 30 days. Art 356: Failure of constitutional machinery in states (President's Rule). Bommai case (1994): Judicial review of Art 356.
International Day of Yoga (June 21) is observed globally, with India leading celebrations. First observed in 2015, the event was proposed by PM Modi at the UN General Assembly in September 2014. June 21 is the longest day of the year (summer solstice) in the Northern Hemisphere.
Exam Tip: International Yoga Day: June 21. UN Resolution: December 11, 2014 (record 177 co-sponsors). First IDY: June 21, 2015. Proposal: PM Modi at UNGA September 27, 2014. Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy) organises.
The G7 Summit (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA + EU) frequently invites India as a partner country. G7 discussions on climate, AI governance, supply chain resilience, and global south perspectives are key areas where India's voice matters.
Exam Tip: G7: USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada + EU. Annual summit. India invited as partner. G7 ≠ G8 (Russia suspended after Crimea 2014). G20: India held Presidency 2023; Summit at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
India maintains strategic relations with GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) nations: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain. Remittances from 8 million+ Indian workers in the Gulf contribute $50+ billion annually. India-GCC FTA negotiations advance.
Exam Tip: GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council. 6 members: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain. India-GCC FTA: Under negotiation. India-UAE CEPA: Signed February 2022 (first CEPA in decade). India's largest source of remittances: UAE.
India actively participates in SCO summits and working groups on counter-terrorism, trade facilitation, digital connectivity, and energy cooperation. The SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) coordinates India's bilateral counterterrorism cooperation.
Exam Tip: SCO: Founded 2001. Members (9+2): China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran + Belarus, UAE. India: Full member since 2017. Pakistan: Full member since 2017. HQ: Beijing.
Goods and Services Tax (GST) marks 9 years of implementation since July 1, 2017. GST collections have grown from ₹94,000 crore/month (2018-19) to ₹1.8+ lakh crore/month (2024-25). GST has improved formal economy formalisation and compliance.
Exam Tip: GST: Implemented July 1, 2017. 101st Constitutional Amendment Act (GST). Article 246A. 4 slabs: 5%, 12%, 18%, 28%. GSTIN: 15-digit registration number. GSTN: Technology backbone (not-for-profit). Dual GST = CGST + SGST/UTGST.
SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) releases its annual report and introduces regulatory reforms for investor protection, market integrity, and mutual fund governance. Key reforms include UPI mandate expansion, T+0 settlement, and SME IPO regulations.
Exam Tip: SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India. Statutory body: 1992 (SEBI Act 1992). Chairman: Member, Financial Stability Development Council. Powers: Quasi-legislative + quasi-judicial + executive. HQ: Mumbai. Key function: Investor protection + market regulation.
RBI publishes its Financial Stability Report (FSR) semi-annually (June + December), assessing risks to India's financial system including banking sector health, NBFC interconnectedness, cyber risks, and climate financial risks.
Exam Tip: FSR: Published June + December. Assesses: Banking sector (NPA, CRAR, profitability), NBFC, capital markets, external sector risks. GNPA: Gross Non-Performing Assets. CRAR: Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio (min 9% for Indian banks).
RBI's Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pilot — e-Rupee (e₹) — expands to more banks and use cases. Both retail (e₹-R) and wholesale (e₹-W) versions are piloted. CBDC combines cash-like anonymity with digital convenience and programmability.
Exam Tip: e₹: India's CBDC. e₹-R: Retail use by public. e₹-W: Wholesale (interbank settlements). Launched: Wholesale November 2022; Retail December 2022. 5 cities initially; now 13 cities. Pilot banks: 8 banks. Token-based design.
The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and Election Commissioners are appointed by the President. The new appointment process (Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act 2023) involves a committee comprising PM, Home Minister, and Leader of Opposition.
Exam Tip: ECI: Article 324. CEC removal: Like SC judge (Address of Parliament). New appointment: 2023 Act — Selection Committee: PM + Home Minister + Leader of Opposition. Previously: Only President on PM's advice. TN Seshan: Reformed ECI in 1990s.
The Sports Ministry announces the Arjuna Awards (Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna + Arjuna Award + Dronacharya Award + Dhyan Chand Award) typically in August. June sees the nomination process and committee selection. Awards are highest sporting honours.
Exam Tip: Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna: Renamed from Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2021. ₹25 lakh cash prize. Arjuna Award: Consistent performance over 4 years. ₹15 lakh + statue. Dronacharya: Coaches. Dhyan Chand: Lifetime achievement.
India's National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) expands with new PARAM series supercomputers deployed at IITs, IISc, and national labs. NSM targets 70+ supercomputers with cumulative capacity of 45+ petaflops, supporting weather modelling, drug discovery, and AI.
Exam Tip: NSM: Launched 2015. C-DAC + IISc jointly implement. PARAM Siddhi-AI: 210 PetaFLOPS AI supercomputer. Top500: India has 3+ systems. Petascale = 10^15 FLOPS. Weather forecasting: PARAM Pravega (IISc Bengaluru).
India's space economy targets $44 billion by 2033 (from $8 billion in 2023). NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) commercialises ISRO launches. IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre) authorises private sector space activities.
Exam Tip: IN-SPACe: Space regulatory body for private sector. Established: 2020. NSIL: Commercial arm of ISRO. Indian Space Policy 2023: Liberalised private participation. GSAT-N2: First commercial NSIL satellite. Agnikul Cosmos, Skyroot: Indian space startups.
India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) sees progress on approved fab units. Tata Electronics and Micron have approved semiconductor manufacturing facilities. Government provides 50% fiscal support for semiconductor fabs to build India's chipmaking capability.
Exam Tip: ISM: Launched December 2021. Budget: ₹76,000 crore. Approved fabs: Micron (Sanand, Gujarat — ATMP), Tata-Powerchip (Dholera, Gujarat — fab), Tata-PSMC (Assam — OSAT). 50% fiscal support. ATMP = Assembly, Testing, Marking, Packaging.
INS Vikrant (IAC-1), India's first indigenously built aircraft carrier, conducts carrier battle group operations in the Indian Ocean Region. Vikrant provides India with a two-carrier capability alongside INS Vikramaditya, enabling sustained maritime presence.
Exam Tip: INS Vikrant (IAC-1): Commissioned September 2, 2022 (Cochin Shipyard). 45,000 tonnes. MiG-29K + Kamov Ka-31 + MH-60R. STOBAR carrier. Vikrant I: Original INS Vikrant (retired 1997). Two carriers: Vikrant + Vikramaditya.
Border Roads Organisation (BRO) accelerates strategic road construction in border areas of Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh. Over 1,000 km of roads, 100+ bridges constructed annually near sensitive borders.
Exam Tip: BRO: Established May 7, 1960. Under Ministry of Defence. Projects in border states and neighbouring countries (Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Afghanistan). Sela Tunnel (Arunachal): Opened March 2024. World's longest bi-lane tunnel above 13,000 feet.
World Environment Day (June 5) focuses on ecosystem restoration, climate action, and biodiversity. India participates with national plantation drives, plastic-free campaigns, and awareness events. India's mangrove cover and wetland conservation progress is highlighted.
Exam Tip: World Environment Day: June 5 (since 1972). UNEP: Hosts observance. India's initiatives: National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). 8 National Missions under NAPCC. India mangrove: 4,991 sq km (2021). Sundarbans: Largest mangrove.
India Meteorological Department (IMD) declares the onset of Southwest Monsoon in Kerala (typically June 1). The monsoon is critical for India's agriculture, which supports 58% of population. Monsoon distribution determines Kharif crop prospects.
Exam Tip: SW Monsoon: Kerala onset (June 1 ± 7 days). Reaches Delhi: ~July 1. Retreats from NW India: Sept-Oct. IMD forecasts: LPA (Long Period Average). June-September normal: 887 mm. El Niño: Weakens Indian monsoon. ENSO = El Niño Southern Oscillation.
Wimbledon (July, All England Club) is the world's oldest tennis Grand Slam. Indian men's tennis (Nagal, Ramanathan) and doubles pairs participate. The tournament tests players on fast grass surface, contrasting the clay of French Open and hard courts of US Open.
Exam Tip: Wimbledon: June-July, All England Club, London. Grass surface. Oldest Grand Slam (1877). All-white clothing rule. Indian legacy: Leander Paes = 18 Grand Slam titles (doubles + mixed). Ramesh Krishnan: Won Wimbledon Juniors 1979.
India participates in World Athletics Championships with focus on Neeraj Chopra (javelin) and sprint events. Neeraj won gold at World Athletics Championships 2023 (Budapest), making him first Indian to win the world title in athletics.
Exam Tip: World Athletics: HQ Monaco (formerly IAAF, International Association of Athletics Federations). Championships: Every 2 years. Neeraj Chopra: Olympic Gold (Tokyo 2020/2021), World Championships Gold (Budapest 2023). First Asian to win javelin OG gold.
UNDP releases the Human Development Report with updated Human Development Index (HDI) rankings. India's HDI has improved steadily, with current ranking around 134/193. HDI measures life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling), and GNI per capita.
Exam Tip: HDI: Human Development Index. 3 dimensions: Health (life expectancy), Education (mean + expected years of schooling), Standard of living (GNI per capita). India 2023: HDI 0.644, rank 134. Very high: 0.8+; High: 0.7-0.79; Medium: 0.55-0.699.
NITI Aayog releases the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) India Index annually, tracking India's progress on 17 UN SDGs across 115+ indicators. The index ranks all states and UTs, highlighting leaders (Kerala, Himachal Pradesh) and laggards.
Exam Tip: SDG India Index: By NITI Aayog. 17 SDGs, 115+ indicators. States ranked: 100 = achieved, 0-49 = aspirant. SDG 3 (Health), SDG 4 (Education), SDG 13 (Climate). India 2023-24 score: 71 (improved from 57 in 2018).
India previously held two-year non-permanent membership of the UN Security Council (2021-2022). India's bid for UNSC permanent membership (P6) continues as part of G4 (India, Japan, Germany, Brazil) effort to reform the Council.
Exam Tip: UNSC: 15 members — 5 permanent (P5: USA, UK, France, Russia, China) + 10 non-permanent (2-year terms). P5 veto power. Decisions: 9 affirmative votes + no P5 veto. India's last term: 2021-2022. G4: India+Japan+Germany+Brazil seek permanent seats.
India actively participates in WTO dispute settlement, both as complainant (e.g., US steel tariffs, EU sugar subsidies) and respondent (solar panel, poultry). India advocates for development-friendly trade rules and agricultural subsidies for food security.
Exam Tip: WTO: World Trade Organization. Established January 1, 1995 (replaced GATT 1947). HQ: Geneva. DG: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. India-US disputes: ICT tariffs, steel tariffs. India's largest trade partner: USA (exports), China (imports).