Class 10 Social Science Notes

The French Revolution and the idea of the nation, liberalism, revolutions of 1848, unification of Germany and Italy, Balkans.

First World War and Khilafat, Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Salt March and the sense of collective belonging.

Pre-modern links, the 19th-century world economy, colonialism, the Great Depression and post-war rebuilding.

Proto-industrialisation, factories, hand labour and steam power, industrialisation in the colonies and markets.

Early print in East Asia and Europe, the print revolution, print in India, and print, debate and nationalism.

Types of resources, resource planning, land use, land degradation, soils of India and soil conservation.

Biodiversity, causes of depletion, conservation of forests and wildlife, and community conservation.

Water scarcity, multipurpose river projects and their debates, and rainwater harvesting.

Types of farming, cropping seasons, major crops, technological and institutional reforms.

Types and occurrence of minerals, ferrous and non-ferrous minerals, conventional and non-conventional energy.

Importance and classification of industries, agro- and mineral-based industries, and industrial pollution.

Roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways, communication and international trade.

Belgium and Sri Lanka, why power sharing is desirable, and forms of power sharing.

What federalism is, how India is a federal country, linguistic states, decentralisation and Panchayati Raj.

Gender division and women’s representation, communalism and secularism, caste in politics.

Why parties are needed, party systems, national and state parties, and challenges and reforms.

Accountable government, economic growth, reducing inequality, social diversity and dignity of citizens.