Class 8 Science Notes

How scientists investigate: questions, hypotheses, fair tests, variables, evidence and conclusions.

The microscope, cells, plant and animal cells, microorganisms and their roles in nature, food, health and industry.

Health and disease, communicable and non-communicable diseases, how diseases spread, immunity, vaccines and antibiotic resistance.

Heating effect of current, fuses and MCBs, magnetic effect, electromagnets and electric cells.

Push and pull, contact and non-contact forces, friction, gravity, the spring balance and effects of force.

Pressure in solids, liquids and air, why winds blow, thunderstorms, lightning, cyclones and safety measures.

Matter is made of particles; spaces and forces between particles; solids, liquids and gases compared.

Pure substances and mixtures, elements and compounds, metals and non-metals, and simple tests for gases.

Solutions, solubility, saturated and unsaturated solutions, concentration, density and floating and sinking.

Reflection by plane and spherical mirrors, concave and convex mirrors and lenses, images and everyday uses.

Phases of the Moon, lunar and solar calendars, festivals and the sky, and artificial satellites.

Habitats and ecosystems, biotic and abiotic components, food chains and webs, interdependence and balance.

What makes Earth special, atmosphere and the greenhouse effect, water, soil, geodiversity, reproduction and continuity of life, and protecting Earth.